Question

Some of these programs have to handle a tricky situation called the “TP2 puzzle”, which can be dealt with by representing delete operations as tombstones. Clarence Ellis used a program of this (-5[1])kind called GROVE in the first implementation of a technique now called Operational Transformation. A very simple data structure used in these programs consists of two segments at the beginning and end of an array and a namesake space between them. WOOT and Logoot are examples of data structures known as sequence CRDTs, which are primarily used by certain (15[1])kinds of these programs. Most programs of this kind represent their data as either (*) gap buffers or ropes. “Collaborative real-time” kinds of these programs (10[1])constantly synchronize to avoid conflicts. For 10 points, name these programs that need to quickly perform operations like deleting or inserting characters (10[1])in a large string. ■END■ (10[1]0[1])

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