Question

In Kenya, the rollout of one of these initiatives called NIIMS, or Huduma Namba, has stalled due to privacy issues. It’s not related to food, but the Right to Food campaign blamed more than twenty starvation deaths on failure in integrating one of these initiatives with PDS subsidies. A 6-year series of legal challenges against one of these initiatives was eventually settled in 2018, (15[1])when the Supreme Court of India ruled that the downsides were outweighed (15[1])by improvements to welfare distribution. (15[1])That system of this kind, named (*) Aadhaar, has enrolled over (10[1])99 percent of Indians. The World Bank estimates that about one billion people are not part of these systems; such people, even those that are citizens, are often denied services like opening a bank account or registering to vote. For 10 points, name these government-run systems that typically assign unique numbers to people. ■END■

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